Tyre Laws by Country

Tyre laws divide into two categories: the rules that apply year-round (minimum tread depth, tyre condition, size and load rating) and the seasonal rules that kick in during winter months.

Minimum tread depth is 1.6 mm across the EU — but that is a legal minimum, not a safe one. Most tyre safety bodies recommend replacing tyres at 3 mm in wet conditions. Several countries set a higher legal minimum for winter tyres — Austria 4 mm, Bulgaria 4 mm, Serbia 4 mm, North Macedonia 4 mm (6 mm for 4×4s and vehicles over 3.5 t), and Finland, Estonia, Slovenia and Iceland 3 mm. The comparison table lists them country by country.

Mandatory winter tyre seasons are where the rules get complex. Scandinavia, Austria, and several German states require winter-rated tyres (M+S or 3PMSF marked) from specific calendar dates. Other countries — including the UK and most of Southern Europe — have no mandatory season but can impose requirements based on current road conditions.

Studded tyres are banned outright in several countries and restricted by season in others — Austria, for instance, permits them only between 1 October and 31 May. They are permitted but strictly seasonal in the Nordic countries. Travelling across borders with studs fitted outside the permitted window can mean an on-the-spot fine.

Comparing several countries for one trip? The winter tyre comparison table puts the 2026-27 dates, the legal winter tread minimum and the documented fine for 40 countries side by side. For a single country and travel date, use the winter tyre date checker. Or browse the country guides below for the full year-round legal requirements.