Japan vs Spain: Driving Rules Compared

Japan’s drink-driving limit sits at 0.03, stricter than the 0.05 allowed in Spain. Steering position flips too, Japan keeps left while Spain drives on the right. Spanish motorways also run faster, 120 km/h against the 100 km/h standard on Japanese expressways.

Japan drives on the left while Spain drives on the right. This is one of the most significant adjustments drivers must make when travelling between these two countries. Take extra care at junctions, roundabouts, and when overtaking.

Speed Limits Comparison

Speed limits are one of the first things drivers notice when crossing borders. Japan and Spain take notably different approaches.

In Japan, the standard speed limits are 40 km/h in urban areas, 60 km/h on rural roads, and 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h) on motorways.

Spain sets its speed limits at 50 km/h in cities and towns, 90 km/h on country roads, and 120 km/h on motorways.

Key Speed Limit Differences

Pay attention to signage when driving between Japan and Spain. Speed camera enforcement styles may differ, and ignorance of local limits is not accepted as an excuse.

Traffic Rules and Regulations

Beyond speed limits, Japan and Spain have several important differences in their general traffic rules.

Driving side: Japan drives on the left; Spain drives on the right. This is a major difference that requires careful adjustment.

Minimum driving age: The minimum age to drive a car is 18 in Japan and 15 in Spain.

Mobile phone use: Using a handheld mobile phone while driving is illegal in both countries. In Japan, the penalty is JPY 18,000 (approx. EUR 115) + 3 points. In Spain, the penalty is EUR 200 + 6 points. Hands-free devices are generally permitted in both countries, but drivers should keep their attention on the road.

Seatbelts: Seatbelts are mandatory for all occupants in both Japan and Spain. The fine for not wearing a seatbelt is Warning / 1 point (no fine for first offence) in Japan and EUR 200 + 4 points in Spain.

Running a red light: Red-light violations carry serious penalties. In Japan, expect JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 2 points. In Spain, the penalty is EUR 200 + 4 points.

Alcohol and DUI Laws

Understanding each country’s approach to drink-driving is critical, as enforcement and penalties vary considerably.

Japan sets its blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit at 0.03%.

Spain has a BAC limit of 0.05%.

The lower limit in Japan means that even a small amount of alcohol could put you over the legal limit. Adjust your behaviour accordingly.

Penalties for exceeding the BAC limit in both Japan and Spain can include heavy fines, licence suspension, and even imprisonment. Novice drivers face even stricter thresholds in many countries. The safest policy is to not drink at all when you plan to drive.

Tyre and Equipment Requirements

Tyre regulations and mandatory vehicle equipment differ between Japan and Spain, and non-compliance can result in fines, especially during winter.

Winter Tyres

• Japan: Winter tyres are situational. Period: Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter. Studded tyres: restricted. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.
• Spain: Winter tyres are not mandatory. Studded tyres: prohibited. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.

Mandatory Equipment

Rental vehicles usually come equipped for the country of hire. If you intend to drive in both Japan and Spain, check with the rental company that the vehicle has all required items for both destinations.

Speeding Penalties

The financial consequences of speeding vary between Japan and Spain.

In Japan, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 1 point. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

In Spain, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: EUR 100. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

Both countries use a combination of fixed speed cameras, mobile speed traps, and in some cases average speed (section control) cameras.

Licence Requirements for Visitors

Before driving in {a} or {b}, ensure you have the correct documentation. Requirements for international visitors vary.

Japan: An IDP is required. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence IDP required (1949 Geneva Convention only). US, UK and many EU licences need specific IDP. Drives on the left.

Spain: An EU/EEA driving licence is valid. An IDP is recommended for non-EU licence holders. Visitors can typically drive for up to 6 months on a foreign licence EU/EEA licences valid. Non-EU visitors can drive for up to 6 months with IDP.

Always carry your licence (and IDP if applicable) while driving, as police may request to see it during routine checks or traffic stops.

Emergency Numbers

Save these emergency numbers before travelling to Japan or Spain:

Save these numbers in your phone before travelling. In an emergency, quick access to the correct number is crucial.

Practical Tips for Driving in Both Countries

Preparation is key to a smooth driving experience abroad. Here are tips for driving in Japan and Spain:

1. Use a GPS or navigation app. Modern navigation apps often include speed limit warnings, toll information, and real-time traffic updates that can help you comply with local rules.

2. Understand toll systems. Research whether you need a vignette, transponder, or cash for tolls in each country.

3. Check insurance coverage. Verify that your motor insurance or rental agreement covers driving in both countries. A Green Card may be required for cross-border travel.

4. Watch for different road signs. While European countries share many sign conventions, there are country-specific signs you should recognise. Review a local driving guide before your trip.

5. Learn key phrases. If you do not speak the local language, learn basic driving-related phrases. In an emergency, being able to communicate with police or paramedics can be invaluable.

6. Equip your vehicle properly. Ensure you have all mandatory equipment for both countries. It is better to carry extra items than to face a fine for missing equipment.

7. Research before you go. Familiarise yourself with the specific rules of each country before your trip. Print or save a summary of key rules for quick reference.

8. Plan fuel stops. Fuel prices and station availability can vary significantly. In some regions, stations may close at night or on Sundays.

Which Country Is Easier for Tourists to Drive In?

For most international tourists, the overall driving experience will vary based on road conditions, signage clarity, and traffic density.

Japan is rated 3.0/5 (Moderate) by tourists. Left-hand driving, expensive tolls, excellent roads, kanji signage

Tourist reviews give Spain a driving ease score of 2.3/5 (Easy). Good motorways, clear signage, relaxed driving outside cities

The switch between left-hand traffic in Japan and right-hand traffic in Spain is the single biggest adjustment drivers will face.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drive in Spain with a Japan driving licence?

Rules vary by nationality. Check the specific licence requirements for each country, and consider obtaining an International Driving Permit (IDP) before your trip.

What is the speed limit on motorways in Japan compared to Spain?

The motorway speed limit in Japan is 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h), while in Spain it is 120 km/h. Always watch for posted signs, as limits may vary on specific sections due to roadworks, weather, or local restrictions.

Are winter tyres mandatory in Japan or Spain?

In Japan, winter tyres are situational (Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter). In Spain, they are not mandatory (no specific period). If you are travelling during winter months, it is advisable to use winter tyres regardless of legal requirements for safety.

Which country has stricter drink-driving laws?

Japan has a stricter BAC limit (0.03%) compared to Spain (0.05%). Lower limits mean less alcohol is tolerated before driving becomes illegal.

What side of the road do they drive on in Japan and Spain?

Japan drives on the left side and Spain drives on the right side of the road.

Can I use my car insurance from Japan in Spain?

International motor insurance coverage varies by provider and policy. Contact your insurer before travelling to confirm coverage in both Japan and Spain. You may need to purchase additional local insurance.

What emergency number should I call while driving in Japan or Spain?

In Japan, the general emergency number is 110 (police: 110, ambulance: 119). In Spain, call 112 (police: 091, ambulance: 061). Save both numbers in your phone before you travel.