Japan vs Romania: Driving Rules Compared

Japan permits up to 0.03 alcohol at the wheel, while Romania tolerates none, holding drivers to a strict zero limit. The road also flips sides, from Japan’s left-hand traffic to Romania’s right, and motorway ceilings diverge sharply, 100 km/h against 130. Winter tyre law is situational in both, but for different reasons: Japan by prefecture, Romania whenever snow or ice actually covers the road.

Switching between Japan (left-hand traffic) and Romania (right-hand traffic) requires significant adjustment. Pay special attention to turning, roundabouts, and overtaking — these are the situations where drivers most commonly make errors after switching sides.

Speed Limits Comparison

One of the most practical differences for drivers is the variation in speed limits between Japan and Romania.

In Japan, the standard speed limits are 40 km/h in urban areas, 60 km/h on rural roads, and 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h) on motorways.

Romania sets its speed limits at 50 km/h in cities and towns, 90 km/h on country roads, and 130 km/h on motorways.

Key Speed Limit Differences

Drivers transitioning between Japan and Romania should pay close attention to posted signs, as assumptions based on one country’s rules can lead to speeding tickets in the other. Speed cameras are common in both countries, and enforcement can be strict.

Traffic Rules and Regulations

Beyond speed limits, Japan and Romania have several important differences in their general traffic rules.

Driving side: Japan drives on the left; Romania drives on the right. This is a major difference that requires careful adjustment.

Minimum driving age: The minimum age to drive a car is 18 in Japan and 18 in Romania.

Mobile phone use: Using a handheld mobile phone while driving is illegal in both countries. In Japan, the penalty is JPY 18,000 (approx. EUR 115) + 3 points. In Romania, the penalty is RON 580-1,450 (approx. EUR 120-300) + 4 points. Hands-free devices are generally permitted in both countries, but drivers should keep their attention on the road.

Seatbelts: Seatbelts are mandatory for all occupants in both Japan and Romania. The fine for not wearing a seatbelt is Warning / 1 point (no fine for first offence) in Japan and RON 580-1,450 (approx. EUR 120-300) + 2 points in Romania.

Running a red light: Red-light violations carry serious penalties. In Japan, expect JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 2 points. In Romania, the penalty is RON 580-1,450 (approx. EUR 120-300) + 4 points.

Alcohol and DUI Laws

Understanding each country’s approach to drink-driving is critical, as enforcement and penalties vary considerably.

Japan sets its blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit at 0.03%.

Romania has a BAC limit of 0.00% (zero tolerance).

The lower limit in Romania means that even a small amount of alcohol could put you over the legal limit. Adjust your behaviour accordingly.

In both countries, penalties for drink-driving include fines, licence suspension, and potential imprisonment for serious offences. New and young drivers often face stricter limits (typically 0.00% to 0.02% BAC) in both Japan and Romania. The safest approach is always to avoid any alcohol before driving.

Tyre and Equipment Requirements

Tyre regulations and mandatory vehicle equipment differ between Japan and Romania, and non-compliance can result in fines, especially during winter.

Winter Tyres

• Japan: Winter tyres are situational. Period: Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter. Studded tyres: restricted. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.
• Romania: Winter tyres are mandatory. Period: 1 Nov - 31 Mar. Studded tyres: prohibited. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.

Mandatory Equipment

Rental vehicles usually come equipped for the country of hire. If you intend to drive in both Japan and Romania, check with the rental company that the vehicle has all required items for both destinations.

Speeding Penalties

The financial consequences of speeding vary between Japan and Romania.

In Japan, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 1 point. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

In Romania, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: RON 290-725 (approx. EUR 60-150). Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

Both countries use a combination of fixed speed cameras, mobile speed traps, and in some cases average speed (section control) cameras.

Licence Requirements for Visitors

International visitors planning to drive in either country should understand the licence requirements.

Japan: An IDP is required. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence IDP required (1949 Geneva Convention only). US, UK and many EU licences need specific IDP. Drives on the left.

Romania: An EU/EEA driving licence is valid. An IDP is recommended for non-EU licence holders. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence EU/EEA licences valid. Non-EU visitors need IDP.

Always carry your licence (and IDP if applicable) while driving, as police may request to see it during routine checks or traffic stops.

Emergency Numbers

Save these emergency numbers before travelling to Japan or Romania:

Save these numbers in your phone before travelling. In an emergency, quick access to the correct number is crucial.

Practical Tips for Driving in Both Countries

Before hitting the road in Japan or Romania, consider these practical driving tips:

1. Be aware of environmental zones. Many cities have low-emission zones that restrict older vehicles. Check if you need an environmental sticker for either country.

2. Use a GPS or navigation app. Modern navigation apps often include speed limit warnings, toll information, and real-time traffic updates that can help you comply with local rules.

3. Adjust to speed limits immediately. When crossing the border, speed limits change. Look for signs and adjust your driving accordingly. Do not rely on habits from the other country.

4. Equip your vehicle properly. Ensure you have all mandatory equipment for both countries. It is better to carry extra items than to face a fine for missing equipment.

5. Plan fuel stops. Fuel prices and station availability can vary significantly. In some regions, stations may close at night or on Sundays.

6. Understand toll systems. Research whether you need a vignette, transponder, or cash for tolls in each country.

7. Respect local driving culture. Overtaking norms, horn usage, and right-of-way conventions differ. Observe local drivers and adapt accordingly.

8. Carry the right documents. Ensure you have your driving licence, IDP (if needed), vehicle registration, and insurance documents. Some countries require you to carry these at all times.

Which Country Is Easier for Tourists to Drive In?

For most international tourists, the overall driving experience will vary based on road conditions, signage clarity, and traffic density.

Based on tourist ratings, Japan scores 3.0/5 (Moderate). Left-hand driving, expensive tolls, excellent roads, kanji signage

Based on tourist ratings, Romania scores 3.5/5 (Moderate). Mixed road quality, horse carts on rural roads, limited motorways

The switch between left-hand traffic in Japan and right-hand traffic in Romania is the single biggest adjustment drivers will face.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drive in Romania with a Japan driving licence?

Rules vary by nationality. Check the specific licence requirements for each country, and consider obtaining an International Driving Permit (IDP) before your trip.

What is the speed limit on motorways in Japan compared to Romania?

The motorway speed limit in Japan is 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h), while in Romania it is 130 km/h. Always watch for posted signs, as limits may vary on specific sections due to roadworks, weather, or local restrictions.

Are winter tyres mandatory in Japan or Romania?

In Japan, winter tyres are situational (Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter). In Romania, they are mandatory (1 Nov - 31 Mar). If you are travelling during winter months, it is advisable to use winter tyres regardless of legal requirements for safety.

Which country has stricter drink-driving laws?

Romania has a stricter BAC limit (0.00% (zero tolerance)) compared to Japan (0.03%). Lower limits mean less alcohol is tolerated before driving becomes illegal.

What side of the road do they drive on in Japan and Romania?

Japan drives on the left side and Romania drives on the right side of the road.

Can I use my car insurance from Japan in Romania?

International motor insurance coverage varies by provider and policy. Contact your insurer before travelling to confirm coverage in both Japan and Romania. You may need to purchase additional local insurance.

What emergency number should I call while driving in Japan or Romania?

In Japan, the general emergency number is 110 (police: 110, ambulance: 119). In Romania, call 112 (police: 112, ambulance: 112). Save both numbers in your phone before you travel.