Japan vs Portugal: Driving Rules Compared

Japan lets a first unbelted-driving offence pass with only a warning and a single point, no fine attached. Portugal shows no such leniency, fining the same act EUR 120 to 600 every time it occurs. The two countries also drive on opposite sides of the road, Japan on the left and Portugal on the right.

Switching between Japan (left-hand traffic) and Portugal (right-hand traffic) requires significant adjustment. Pay special attention to turning, roundabouts, and overtaking — these are the situations where drivers most commonly make errors after switching sides.

Speed Limits Comparison

One of the most practical differences for drivers is the variation in speed limits between Japan and Portugal.

Drivers in Japan should observe limits of 40 km/h in built-up areas, 60 km/h on rural roads, and 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h) on motorway stretches.

Portugal sets its speed limits at 50 km/h in cities and towns, 90 km/h on country roads, and 120 km/h on motorways.

Key Speed Limit Differences

Pay attention to signage when driving between Japan and Portugal. Speed camera enforcement styles may differ, and ignorance of local limits is not accepted as an excuse.

Traffic Rules and Regulations

Beyond speed limits, Japan and Portugal have several important differences in their general traffic rules.

Driving side: Japan drives on the left; Portugal drives on the right. This is a major difference that requires careful adjustment.

Minimum driving age: The minimum age to drive a car is 18 in Japan and 18 in Portugal.

Mobile phone use: Using a handheld mobile phone while driving is illegal in both countries. In Japan, the penalty is JPY 18,000 (approx. EUR 115) + 3 points. In Portugal, the penalty is EUR 120-600. Hands-free devices are generally permitted in both countries, but drivers should keep their attention on the road.

Seatbelts: Seatbelts are mandatory for all occupants in both Japan and Portugal. The fine for not wearing a seatbelt is Warning / 1 point (no fine for first offence) in Japan and EUR 120-600 in Portugal.

Running a red light: Red-light violations carry serious penalties. In Japan, expect JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 2 points. In Portugal, the penalty is EUR 120-600.

Alcohol and DUI Laws

Alcohol and driving regulations differ between Japan and Portugal, and the penalties for non-compliance can be severe in both.

Japan sets its blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit at 0.03%.

Portugal has a BAC limit of 0.05%.

The lower limit in Japan means that even a small amount of alcohol could put you over the legal limit. Adjust your behaviour accordingly.

In both countries, penalties for drink-driving include fines, licence suspension, and potential imprisonment for serious offences. New and young drivers often face stricter limits (typically 0.00% to 0.02% BAC) in both Japan and Portugal. The safest approach is always to avoid any alcohol before driving.

Tyre and Equipment Requirements

Before driving in Japan or Portugal, check that your vehicle carries all the legally required equipment. Requirements differ between the two countries.

Winter Tyres

• Japan: Winter tyres are situational. Period: Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter. Studded tyres: restricted. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.
• Portugal: Winter tyres are not mandatory. Studded tyres: prohibited. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.

Mandatory Equipment

When renting a car, rental companies typically provide the legally required equipment for the country of hire. If you plan to cross the border, confirm with the rental agency that the vehicle is equipped for both countries.

Speeding Penalties

The financial consequences of speeding vary between Japan and Portugal.

In Japan, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 1 point. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

In Portugal, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: EUR 60-300. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

Both countries use a combination of fixed speed cameras, mobile speed traps, and in some cases average speed (section control) cameras.

Licence Requirements for Visitors

Licence requirements for foreign visitors differ between {a} and {b}. Here is what you need to know.

Japan: An IDP is required. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence IDP required (1949 Geneva Convention only). US, UK and many EU licences need specific IDP. Drives on the left.

Portugal: An EU/EEA driving licence is valid. An IDP is recommended for non-EU licence holders. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence EU/EEA licences valid. IDP recommended for non-EU visitors.

Always carry your licence (and IDP if applicable) while driving, as police may request to see it during routine checks or traffic stops.

Emergency Numbers

In case of an emergency while driving, it is essential to know the local numbers:

Save these numbers in your phone before travelling. In an emergency, quick access to the correct number is crucial.

Practical Tips for Driving in Both Countries

Preparation is key to a smooth driving experience abroad. Here are tips for driving in Japan and Portugal:

1. Check insurance coverage. Verify that your motor insurance or rental agreement covers driving in both countries. A Green Card may be required for cross-border travel.

2. Be aware of environmental zones. Many cities have low-emission zones that restrict older vehicles. Check if you need an environmental sticker for either country.

3. Watch for different road signs. While European countries share many sign conventions, there are country-specific signs you should recognise. Review a local driving guide before your trip.

4. Equip your vehicle properly. Ensure you have all mandatory equipment for both countries. It is better to carry extra items than to face a fine for missing equipment.

5. Carry the right documents. Ensure you have your driving licence, IDP (if needed), vehicle registration, and insurance documents. Some countries require you to carry these at all times.

6. Plan fuel stops. Fuel prices and station availability can vary significantly. In some regions, stations may close at night or on Sundays.

7. Respect local driving culture. Overtaking norms, horn usage, and right-of-way conventions differ. Observe local drivers and adapt accordingly.

8. Adjust to speed limits immediately. When crossing the border, speed limits change. Look for signs and adjust your driving accordingly. Do not rely on habits from the other country.

Which Country Is Easier for Tourists to Drive In?

Tourist-friendliness of driving varies between Japan and Portugal based on several factors.

Japan is rated 3.0/5 (Moderate) by tourists. Left-hand driving, expensive tolls, excellent roads, kanji signage

Based on tourist ratings, Portugal scores 2.1/5 (Easy). Good motorways, toll system, relaxed driving culture

The switch between left-hand traffic in Japan and right-hand traffic in Portugal is the single biggest adjustment drivers will face.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drive in Portugal with a Japan driving licence?

Rules vary by nationality. Check the specific licence requirements for each country, and consider obtaining an International Driving Permit (IDP) before your trip.

What is the speed limit on motorways in Japan compared to Portugal?

The motorway speed limit in Japan is 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h), while in Portugal it is 120 km/h. Always watch for posted signs, as limits may vary on specific sections due to roadworks, weather, or local restrictions.

Are winter tyres mandatory in Japan or Portugal?

In Japan, winter tyres are situational (Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter). In Portugal, they are not mandatory (no specific period). If you are travelling during winter months, it is advisable to use winter tyres regardless of legal requirements for safety.

Which country has stricter drink-driving laws?

Japan has a stricter BAC limit (0.03%) compared to Portugal (0.05%). Lower limits mean less alcohol is tolerated before driving becomes illegal.

What side of the road do they drive on in Japan and Portugal?

Japan drives on the left side and Portugal drives on the right side of the road.

Can I use my car insurance from Japan in Portugal?

International motor insurance coverage varies by provider and policy. Contact your insurer before travelling to confirm coverage in both Japan and Portugal. You may need to purchase additional local insurance.

What emergency number should I call while driving in Japan or Portugal?

In Japan, the general emergency number is 110 (police: 110, ambulance: 119). In Portugal, call 112 (police: 112, ambulance: 112). Save both numbers in your phone before you travel.