France vs Japan: Driving Rules Compared

France requires every car on the road to carry a breathalyzer kit, a rule Japan has no equivalent of. The two countries also drive on opposite sides, France on the right and Japan on the left, and set different alcohol limits, 0.05 in France against 0.03 in Japan. Japan’s motorway network additionally runs slower, capped at 100 km/h against France’s 130 km/h.

Switching between France (right-hand traffic) and Japan (left-hand traffic) requires significant adjustment. Pay special attention to turning, roundabouts, and overtaking — these are the situations where drivers most commonly make errors after switching sides.

Speed Limits Comparison

One of the most practical differences for drivers is the variation in speed limits between France and Japan.

In France, the standard speed limits are 50 km/h in urban areas, 80 km/h on rural roads, and 130 km/h on motorways.

Drivers in Japan should observe limits of 40 km/h in built-up areas, 60 km/h on rural roads, and 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h) on motorway stretches.

Key Speed Limit Differences

Always check posted speed signs when crossing between France and Japan. Relying on your knowledge of one country’s limits while driving in the other is a common cause of speeding fines for tourists.

Traffic Rules and Regulations

Beyond speed limits, France and Japan have several important differences in their general traffic rules.

Driving side: France drives on the right; Japan drives on the left. This is a major difference that requires careful adjustment.

Minimum driving age: The minimum age to drive a car is 18 in France and 18 in Japan.

Mobile phone use: Using a handheld mobile phone while driving is illegal in both countries. In France, the penalty is EUR 135 + 3 points. In Japan, the penalty is JPY 18,000 (approx. EUR 115) + 3 points. Hands-free devices are generally permitted in both countries, but drivers should keep their attention on the road.

Seatbelts: Seatbelts are mandatory for all occupants in both France and Japan. The fine for not wearing a seatbelt is EUR 135 in France and Warning / 1 point (no fine for first offence) in Japan.

Running a red light: Red-light violations carry serious penalties. In France, expect EUR 135 + 4 points. In Japan, the penalty is JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 2 points.

Alcohol and DUI Laws

Alcohol and driving regulations differ between France and Japan, and the penalties for non-compliance can be severe in both.

France sets its blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit at 0.05%.

Japan has a BAC limit of 0.03%.

The lower limit in Japan means that even a small amount of alcohol could put you over the legal limit. Adjust your behaviour accordingly.

Penalties for exceeding the BAC limit in both France and Japan can include heavy fines, licence suspension, and even imprisonment. Novice drivers face even stricter thresholds in many countries. The safest policy is to not drink at all when you plan to drive.

Tyre and Equipment Requirements

Before driving in France or Japan, check that your vehicle carries all the legally required equipment. Requirements differ between the two countries.

Winter Tyres

• France: Winter tyres are situational. Period: 1 Nov - 31 Mar (mountain law, designated departments). Studded tyres: restricted. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.
• Japan: Winter tyres are situational. Period: Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter. Studded tyres: restricted. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.

Mandatory Equipment

Rental vehicles usually come equipped for the country of hire. If you intend to drive in both France and Japan, check with the rental company that the vehicle has all required items for both destinations.

Speeding Penalties

The financial consequences of speeding vary between France and Japan.

In France, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: EUR 68 (fixed fine). Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

In Japan, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 1 point. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

Both countries use a combination of fixed speed cameras, mobile speed traps, and in some cases average speed (section control) cameras.

Licence Requirements for Visitors

Licence requirements for foreign visitors differ between {a} and {b}. Here is what you need to know.

France: An EU/EEA driving licence is valid. An IDP is recommended for non-EU licence holders. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence EU/EEA licences valid. Non-EU visitors need IDP. Sworn translation accepted as alternative.

Japan: An IDP is required. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence IDP required (1949 Geneva Convention only). US, UK and many EU licences need specific IDP. Drives on the left.

Always carry your licence (and IDP if applicable) while driving, as police may request to see it during routine checks or traffic stops.

Emergency Numbers

Knowing the local emergency numbers could save your life. Here are the key contacts:

Save these numbers in your phone before travelling. In an emergency, quick access to the correct number is crucial.

Practical Tips for Driving in Both Countries

Preparation is key to a smooth driving experience abroad. Here are tips for driving in France and Japan:

1. Research before you go. Familiarise yourself with the specific rules of each country before your trip. Print or save a summary of key rules for quick reference.

2. Watch for different road signs. While European countries share many sign conventions, there are country-specific signs you should recognise. Review a local driving guide before your trip.

3. Carry the right documents. Ensure you have your driving licence, IDP (if needed), vehicle registration, and insurance documents. Some countries require you to carry these at all times.

4. Equip your vehicle properly. Ensure you have all mandatory equipment for both countries. It is better to carry extra items than to face a fine for missing equipment.

5. Check insurance coverage. Verify that your motor insurance or rental agreement covers driving in both countries. A Green Card may be required for cross-border travel.

6. Adjust to speed limits immediately. When crossing the border, speed limits change. Look for signs and adjust your driving accordingly. Do not rely on habits from the other country.

7. Be aware of environmental zones. Many cities have low-emission zones that restrict older vehicles. Check if you need an environmental sticker for either country.

8. Respect local driving culture. Overtaking norms, horn usage, and right-of-way conventions differ. Observe local drivers and adapt accordingly.

Which Country Is Easier for Tourists to Drive In?

For most international tourists, the overall driving experience will vary based on road conditions, signage clarity, and traffic density.

Based on tourist ratings, France scores 2.4/5 (Easy). Good roads, toll system can confuse, city driving challenging

Based on tourist ratings, Japan scores 3.0/5 (Moderate). Left-hand driving, expensive tolls, excellent roads, kanji signage

The switch between right-hand traffic in France and left-hand traffic in Japan is the single biggest adjustment drivers will face.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drive in Japan with a France driving licence?

Rules vary by nationality. Check the specific licence requirements for each country, and consider obtaining an International Driving Permit (IDP) before your trip.

What is the speed limit on motorways in France compared to Japan?

The motorway speed limit in France is 130 km/h, while in Japan it is 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h). Always watch for posted signs, as limits may vary on specific sections due to roadworks, weather, or local restrictions.

Are winter tyres mandatory in France or Japan?

In France, winter tyres are situational (1 Nov - 31 Mar (mountain law, designated departments)). In Japan, they are situational (Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter). If you are travelling during winter months, it is advisable to use winter tyres regardless of legal requirements for safety.

Which country has stricter drink-driving laws?

Japan has a stricter BAC limit (0.03%) compared to France (0.05%). Lower limits mean less alcohol is tolerated before driving becomes illegal.

What side of the road do they drive on in France and Japan?

France drives on the right side and Japan drives on the left side of the road.

Can I use my car insurance from France in Japan?

International motor insurance coverage varies by provider and policy. Contact your insurer before travelling to confirm coverage in both France and Japan. You may need to purchase additional local insurance.

What emergency number should I call while driving in France or Japan?

In France, the general emergency number is 112 (police: 17, ambulance: 15). In Japan, call 110 (police: 110, ambulance: 119). Save both numbers in your phone before you travel.