Australia vs Japan: Driving Rules Compared

Australia and Japan both keep drivers on the left, so the steering wheel stays on the same side crossing between them. The gap shows up elsewhere: Australia allows a 0.05 blood alcohol limit against Japan’s stricter 0.03, and its motorways run to 110 km/h against Japan’s 100. Learner rules also diverge sharply between Australian states and Japan’s national system.

Does Japan drive on the same side as Australia? Yes — both countries drive on the left, so an Australian driver needs no side-switch adjustment in Japan (and vice versa). The differences that do matter are the alcohol limit, speed enforcement and licence paperwork below.

💡 Try it yourself: Speeding Fine Calculator 2026 — compare what the same speed costs in Australia and Japan, free.

Speed Limits Comparison

One of the most practical differences for drivers is the variation in speed limits between Australia and Japan.

Australia sets its speed limits at 50 km/h in cities and towns, 100 km/h on country roads, and 110 km/h on motorways.

Drivers in Japan should observe limits of 40 km/h in built-up areas, 60 km/h on rural roads, and 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h) on motorway stretches.

Key Speed Limit Differences

Always check posted speed signs when crossing between Australia and Japan. Relying on your knowledge of one country’s limits while driving in the other is a common cause of speeding fines for tourists.

Traffic Rules and Regulations

Beyond speed limits, Australia and Japan have several important differences in their general traffic rules.

Driving side: Australia drives on the left; Japan drives on the left. Since both countries use the same driving side, the transition is seamless in this regard.

Minimum driving age: The minimum age to drive a car is 18 in Australia and 18 in Japan.

Mobile phone use: Using a handheld mobile phone while driving is illegal in both countries. In Australia, the penalty is AUD 350-1,000 (approx. EUR 210-600) + 4-5 demerit points. In Japan, the penalty is JPY 18,000 (approx. EUR 115) + 3 points. Hands-free devices are generally permitted in both countries, but drivers should keep their attention on the road.

Seatbelts: Seatbelts are mandatory for all occupants in both Australia and Japan. The fine for not wearing a seatbelt is AUD 350-700 (approx. EUR 210-420) + 3 demerit points in Australia and Warning / 1 point (no fine for first offence) in Japan.

Running a red light: Red-light violations carry serious penalties. In Australia, expect AUD 450-650 (approx. EUR 270-390) + 3 demerit points. In Japan, the penalty is JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 2 points.

Alcohol and DUI Laws

Alcohol and driving regulations differ between Australia and Japan, and the penalties for non-compliance can be severe in both.

Australia sets its blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit at 0.05%.

Japan has a BAC limit of 0.03%.

Japan has a stricter limit, so drivers accustomed to Australia’s rules should exercise extra caution.

Penalties for exceeding the BAC limit in both Australia and Japan can include heavy fines, licence suspension, and even imprisonment. Novice drivers face even stricter thresholds in many countries. The safest policy is to not drink at all when you plan to drive.

Tyre and Equipment Requirements

Tyre regulations and mandatory vehicle equipment differ between Australia and Japan, and non-compliance can result in fines, especially during winter.

Winter Tyres

• Australia: Winter tyres are not mandatory. Studded tyres: prohibited. Minimum tread depth: 1.5 mm.
• Japan: Winter tyres are situational. Period: Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter. Studded tyres: restricted. Minimum tread depth: 1.6 mm.

Mandatory Equipment

When renting a car, rental companies typically provide the legally required equipment for the country of hire. If you plan to cross the border, confirm with the rental agency that the vehicle is equipped for both countries.

Speeding Penalties

The financial consequences of speeding vary between Australia and Japan.

In Australia, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: AUD 200-350 (approx. EUR 120-210) depending on state. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

In Japan, a minor speeding offence (approximately 10 km/h over the limit) typically results in: JPY 9,000 (approx. EUR 55) + 1 point. Penalties escalate significantly for higher speeds, and repeat offenders face licence suspension.

Both countries use a combination of fixed speed cameras, mobile speed traps, and in some cases average speed (section control) cameras.

Licence Requirements for Visitors

Before driving in {a} or {b}, ensure you have the correct documentation. Requirements for international visitors vary.

Australia: An EU/EEA driving licence is valid. An IDP is recommended for non-EU licence holders. Visitors can typically drive for up to 3 months on a foreign licence Foreign licence valid while visiting. IDP required if licence not in English. Drives on the left. Rules vary by state.

Japan: An IDP is required. Visitors can typically drive for up to 12 months on a foreign licence IDP required (1949 Geneva Convention only). US, UK and many EU licences need specific IDP. Drives on the left.

Always carry your licence (and IDP if applicable) while driving, as police may request to see it during routine checks or traffic stops.

Emergency Numbers

Knowing the local emergency numbers could save your life. Here are the key contacts:

Save these numbers in your phone before travelling. In an emergency, quick access to the correct number is crucial.

Practical Tips for Driving in Both Countries

Before hitting the road in Australia or Japan, consider these practical driving tips:

1. Carry the right documents. Ensure you have your driving licence, IDP (if needed), vehicle registration, and insurance documents. Some countries require you to carry these at all times.

2. Learn key phrases. If you do not speak the local language, learn basic driving-related phrases. In an emergency, being able to communicate with police or paramedics can be invaluable.

3. Respect local driving culture. Overtaking norms, horn usage, and right-of-way conventions differ. Observe local drivers and adapt accordingly.

4. Check insurance coverage. Verify that your motor insurance or rental agreement covers driving in both countries. A Green Card may be required for cross-border travel.

5. Plan fuel stops. Fuel prices and station availability can vary significantly. In some regions, stations may close at night or on Sundays.

6. Research before you go. Familiarise yourself with the specific rules of each country before your trip. Print or save a summary of key rules for quick reference.

7. Be aware of environmental zones. Many cities have low-emission zones that restrict older vehicles. Check if you need an environmental sticker for either country.

8. Watch for different road signs. While European countries share many sign conventions, there are country-specific signs you should recognise. Review a local driving guide before your trip.

Which Country Is Easier for Tourists to Drive In?

Which country is easier to drive in depends on your experience level, where you are from, and what conditions you are used to.

Tourist reviews give Australia a driving ease score of 2.4/5 (Easy). Left-hand driving, vast distances, wildlife hazards, outback roads

Based on tourist ratings, Japan scores 3.0/5 (Moderate). Left-hand driving, expensive tolls, excellent roads, kanji signage

Since both Australia and Japan drive on the left, the transition between the two is smooth for most drivers.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drive in Japan with a Australia driving licence?

Rules vary by nationality. Check the specific licence requirements for each country, and consider obtaining an International Driving Permit (IDP) before your trip.

What is the speed limit on motorways in Australia compared to Japan?

The motorway speed limit in Australia is 110 km/h, while in Japan it is 100 km/h (100 km/h standard; 120 km/h on select expressway sections (Shin-Tomei, Tohoku, Joban). From Sept 2026, narrow residential roads default to 30 km/h). Always watch for posted signs, as limits may vary on specific sections due to roadworks, weather, or local restrictions.

Are winter tyres mandatory in Australia or Japan?

In Australia, winter tyres are not mandatory (no specific period). In Japan, they are situational (Prefectural regulations; Hokkaido, Tohoku require winter tyres in winter). If you are travelling during winter months, it is advisable to use winter tyres regardless of legal requirements for safety.

Which country has stricter drink-driving laws?

Japan has a stricter BAC limit (0.03%) compared to Australia (0.05%). Lower limits mean less alcohol is tolerated before driving becomes illegal.

What side of the road do they drive on in Australia and Japan?

Australia drives on the left side and Japan drives on the left side of the road.

Can I use my car insurance from Australia in Japan?

International motor insurance coverage varies by provider and policy. Contact your insurer before travelling to confirm coverage in both Australia and Japan. You may need to purchase additional local insurance.

What emergency number should I call while driving in Australia or Japan?

In Australia, the general emergency number is 000 (police: 000, ambulance: 000). In Japan, call 110 (police: 110, ambulance: 119). Save both numbers in your phone before you travel.